NUR109 M7.2: ATI- Pharmacology Made Easy Activity- Active Stack® Pharmacology Flash Cards
What are the therapeutic uses for diazepam?
Diazepam has several therapeutic uses, including the treatment of anxiety and anxiety disorders, managing skeletal muscle spasm and spasticity, addressing seizure disorders, particularly in the treatment of status epilepticus, and managing acute alcohol withdrawal symptoms. It can also be used for the induction of anaesthesia.
What are the therapeutic uses for alprazolam?NUR109 M7.2: ATI- Pharmacology
Alprazolam is primarily used for the treatment of anxiety and anxiety disorders.
What is the brand/trade name for diazepam?
The brand/trade name for diazepam is Valium.
What is the brand/trade name for alprazolam?NUR109 M7.2: ATI- Pharmacology
The brand/trade name for alprazolam is Xanax.
What are the adverse drug reactions associated with diazepam and alprazolam?
Adverse drug reactions for both diazepam and alprazolam can include drowsiness, slurred speech, impaired recall of events, paradoxical reactions such as confusion and anxiety, hypotension, tachycardia, respiratory depression, and the development of tolerance and physical dependence, especially with alprazolam (Xanax).
What interventions should be planned for a client taking diazepam or alprazolam?
For clients taking diazepam or alprazolam, it’s essential to monitor them to prevent falls and other injuries following administration. Assessing the client’s memory after administration is crucial. Monitoring for paradoxical reactions, especially in older adults, is important. Vital signs, particularly with IV administration, should be closely monitored. It’s also crucial to monitor clients for signs of tolerance and dependence, tapering the drug over 1 to 2 weeks to prevent or minimize withdrawal symptoms, and provide airway and blood pressure support as needed for parenteral overdose.
What administration considerations apply to diazepam and alprazolam?NUR109 M7.2: ATI- Pharmacology
Alprazolam should be given orally, and oral benzodiazepines should be taken with food if gastrointestinal symptoms develop. Diazepam can be administered orally, rectally, IM, or IV. When administering IV diazepam, it should be done slowly, with emergency resuscitation equipment nearby. It’s important to be aware that IV diazepam can precipitate in solution with some diluents and drugs. The emulsion form should not be given IM, and IM diazepam should be avoided due to inconsistent absorption; if necessary, it should be injected slowly into a large muscle.
What instructions should be provided for a client taking diazepam or alprazolam?
Clients taking diazepam or alprazolam should be instructed to use caution with ambulation, driving, or using hazardous equipment. They should be advised that amnesia may occur and should stop taking the drug and inform the provider if a paradoxical reaction occurs. Clients should be discouraged from increasing the prescribed dose, and they should be informed to change positions slowly to prevent falls. Tolerance to benzodiazepines occurs with time, and clients should be instructed to taper the drug slowly to prevent withdrawal symptoms. They should take the drug as prescribed and avoid the use of depressants.
What contraindications are there for the use of diazepam and alprazolam?
Contraindications for diazepam and alprazolam use include pregnancy (as it is teratogenic), their classification as Schedule IV controlled substances, glaucoma, and contraindications like coma, shock, neonates, and labor/delivery (IV diazepam).
What precautions are there for the use of diazepam and alprazolam?NUR109 M7.2: ATI- Pharmacology
Precautions for the use of diazepam and alprazolam include considerations for older adults, children under 18 for alprazolam (Xanax), renal or hepatic impairment, mental health disorders, suicidal ideation, and a risk of addiction. Additionally, precautions should be taken for clients with chronic respiratory disorders and neuromuscular disorders.
What are potential interactions for diazepam and alprazolam?
Potential interactions include the increased risk of severe sedation and respiratory depression when taken concurrently with other CNS depressants such as alcohol, opioids, and other benzodiazepines. Cimetidine (Tagamet) can increase benzodiazepine levels. Smoking decreases the effects of benzodiazepines. Kava-kava, chamomile, and valerian can increase the risk of sedation. Disulfiram (Antabuse) and fluoxetine (Prozac) can increase alprazolam levels.
What are the therapeutic uses for buspirone?
Buspirone is used for the short-term treatment of certain anxiety disorders, such as generalized anxiety disorder (GAD).
What are the adverse drug reactions associated with buspirone?
Adverse drug reactions associated with buspirone include paradoxical effects such as insomnia, anxiety, and restlessness, as well as nausea and other GI effects, dizziness, lightheadedness, and headache.
What interventions should be planned for a client taking buspirone?
For clients taking buspirone, it’s important to monitor for paradoxical effects and institute fall precautions, especially for older adults.
What administration considerations apply to buspirone?
Buspirone should be given orally on a regular basis (not PRN) for anxiety. It’s essential to begin buspirone 2 to 4 weeks before tapering benzodiazepines due to the delayed therapeutic effects of buspirone.
What instructions should be provided for a client taking buspirone?
Clients should be instructed to report paradoxical effects and take the drug with food if it causes nausea. They should rise slowly from a reclining or sitting position, report dizziness, and avoid engaging in dangerous activities if dizziness occurs or tends to recur. Headaches can be managed with over-the-counter analgesics.
What contraindications are there for the use of buspirone?
Contraindications for the use of buspirone include a history of hypersensitivity to buspirone and concurrent use with MAO inhibitors (MAOIs).
What precautions are there for the use of buspirone?
Precautions should be taken in cases of liver or kidney insufficiency.
What are potential interactions for buspirone?
Potential interactions include increased blood levels when taken with grapefruit juice, erythromycin, and ketoconazole. Concurrent use with MAOI antidepressants within 2 weeks can cause severe hypertension.
What are the therapeutic uses for amitriptyline?
Amitriptyline is used for the treatment of major depression.
What are the adverse drug reactions associated with amitriptyline?
Adverse drug reactions for amitriptyline include drowsiness, sedation, orthostatic hypotension, anticholinergic effects like dry mouth, constipation, urinary retention, and blurred vision. There is also an increased risk of suicide, especially in children and adolescents. Abrupt discontinuation can lead to withdrawal symptoms such as anxiety, headache, muscle pain, and nausea. Amitriptyline carries a high risk for
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