CX3001: The History and Evolution of Corrections Systems:
Written Response Submission Form
Your Name: First and last
Your E-Mail Address: Your email here
Instructions
Write your responses where it reads “Enter your response here.” Write as much as needed to satisfy the requirements indicated. Each item contains the Rubric, which will be used to evaluate your responses.
Item 1
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Select one of the following topics to address in terms of its history and evolution within the correctional system and the degree to which the Eighth Amendment applies:
- Prison conditions (access to fresh air, light, and medical care, sanitation and hygiene, and overcrowding)
- Punishments (hard labor, corporal punishment, solitary confinement, capital punishment)
Respond to the following in 250–300 words:
- Summarize briefly the historical origins and evolution of the topic you selected (prison conditions or punishments).
- Would any of the conditions or punishments you described violate the Eighth Amendment’s clause of cruel and unusual punishment? Why or why not?
Support your responses with evidence from the learning resources. You may also incorporate relevant professional experience.
Your Response
Enter your response here.
Rubric
| 0
Not Present |
1
Needs Improvement |
2
Meets Expectations |
|
| Prison Conditions and Punishment | |||
| Summarize briefly the historical origins and evolution of the topic you selected (prison conditions or punishments).
LO1: Summarize the historical origins and evolution of prison conditions and punishments.
|
Response is not present. | The response identifies a topic but does not succinctly and/or completely summarize the historical origins and evolution of that topic. | The response identifies a topic and summarizes the historical origins and evolution of that topic. |
| Would any of the conditions or punishments you described violate the Eighth Amendment’s clause of cruel and unusual punishment? Why or why not?
LO2: Evaluate the constitutionality of historical and contemporary prison conditions and punishments.
|
Response is not present. | The response takes a position on whether any of the conditions or punishments described violate the Eighth Amendment’s clause of cruel and unusual punishment but does not make an accurate and/or relevant connection between conditions and the Eighth Amendment to support the evaluation of constitutionality.
The response uses relevant examples from the learning resources. |
The response takes a position on whether any of the conditions or punishments described violate the Eighth Amendment’s clause of cruel and unusual punishment and makes an accurate and relevant connection between conditions and the Eighth Amendment to support the evaluation of constitutionality.
The response uses relevant examples from the learning resources.
|
Item 2
Respond to the following:
- Explain how major historical circumstances and societal developments contributed to the need for a correctional system. (250–300 words)
- Identify three major historical reform movements in the correctional system. Then describe the reasoning behind each reform movement. Finally, explain the degree to which each movement had meaningful and lasting effects on the correctional system. (350–400 words)
- Identify three historical correctional practices you think have shaped contemporary correctional practices the most. Explain how and why. The practices could relate to prison design/construction, prison conditions, rehabilitation, and/or punishment. (250–300 words)
Support your responses with evidence from the learning resources. You may also incorporate relevant professional experience.
Your Response
Enter your response here.
Rubric
| 0
Not Present |
1
Needs Improvement |
2
Meets Expectations |
|
| The History of Corrections | |||
| Explain how major historical circumstances and societal developments contributed to the need for a correctional system.
LO3: Analyze the historical circumstances and societal developments that contributed to the need for a correctional system. |
Response is not present. | The response explains how major historical circumstances contributed to the need for a correctional system but is missing sufficient information about the contribution of major societal developments or vice versa.
The response briefly describes major historical circumstances and societal developments but does not fully or accurately explain how historical circumstances and societal developments contributed to a need for a correctional system.
The response does not use relevant examples from the learning resources.
|
The response fully and accurately explains how major historical circumstances and societal developments contributed to the need for a correctional system.
The response uses relevant examples from the learning resources. |
| Identify three major historical reform movements in the correctional system. Then describe the reasoning behind each reform movement. Finally, explain the degree to which each movement had meaningful and lasting effects on the correctional system.
LO4: Analyze the effects of historical reform movements on the contemporary correctional system.
|
Response is not present.
|
The response identifies at least two historical reform movements but does not fully or accurately address the reasoning behind each movement and/or the degree to which each had meaningful and lasting effects on the correctional system.
The response does not use relevant examples from the learning resources. |
The response identifies three historical reform movements and fully and accurately addresses the reasoning behind each movement and the degree to which each had meaningful and lasting effects on the correctional system.
The response uses relevant examples from the learning resources. |
| Identify three historical correctional practices you think have shaped contemporary correctional practices the most. Explain how and why. The practices could relate to prison design/construction, prison conditions, rehabilitation, and/or punishment.
LO5: Analyze the effects of historical practices on the contemporary correctional system.
|
Response is not present. | The response identifies at least two historical correctional practices but does not provide sufficient and/or relevant support for how and why each has shaped contemporary practices.
The response does not use relevant examples from the learning resources. |
The response identifies at least three historical correctional practices and provides sufficient and relevant support for how and why each has shaped contemporary correctional practices.
The response uses relevant examples from the learning resources. |
Item 3
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Respond to the following:
- Explain the role of corrections in today’s criminal justice system. Then describe one aspect of the contemporary correctional system that you think still needs to evolve and explain why. (250 words)
- Describe one theme from the history of corrections that is represented in current practices. Should this theme continue to have relevance in today’s correctional system? Why or why not? (250 words)
Support your response with evidence from the learning resources. You may also incorporate relevant professional experience.
Your Response
Enter your response here.
Rubric
| 0
Not Present |
1
Needs Improvement |
2
Meets Expectations |
|
| Evolution of Corrections | |||
| Explain the role of corrections in today’s criminal justice system.
LO6: Explain the role of corrections in the criminal justice system.
|
Response is not present. | The response does not fully or accurately explain the role of corrections in today’s criminal justice system.
The response does not use relevant examples from the learning resources.
|
The response fully and accurately explains the role of corrections in today’s criminal justice system.
The response uses relevant examples from the learning resources. |
| Then describe one aspect of the contemporary correctional system that you think still needs to evolve and explain why.
LO7: Describe one aspect of contemporary correctional practice that still needs to evolve.
|
Response is not present. | The response describes one aspect of the contemporary correctional system that needs to evolve, but does not clearly or sufficiently explain why.
The response does not use relevant examples from the learning resources.
|
The response describes one aspect of the contemporary correctional system that needs to change and clearly and sufficiently explains why.
The response uses relevant examples from the learning resources. |
| Describe one theme from the history of corrections that is represented in current practices. Should this theme continue to have relevance in today’s correctional system? Why or why not?
LO8: Evaluate the relevance of historical corrections themes in contemporary corrections practices.
|
Response is not present. | The response describes one theme from the history of corrections that is represented in current practices.
The response does not provide a coherent and/or convincing evaluation of whether the theme should continue to be relevant in current practice.
The response does not use relevant examples from the learning resources.
|
The response describes one theme from the history of corrections that is represented in current practices.
The response provides an evaluation of whether the theme should continue to be relevant in current practice.
The response uses relevant examples from the learning resources. |
References
Provide a citation for each resource you used to write your response to this Assessment. The following citation has been provided as an example:
Mastery Rubric
In order to achieve mastery of this Competency, you must achieve a “2” on every rubric row in addition to meeting the additional expectation indicated in the Mastery Rubric.
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| Mastery Rubric | No | Yes |
| Exceeds Expectations: Connections to Experience | ||
| Compares life experiences and academic knowledge to infer differences and similarities to concepts/ theories/ frameworks of fields of study. | Responses do not integrate professional knowledge and experience from the criminal justice discipline when applied to contemporary processes and structures in the criminal justice system; also, responses do not demonstrate an understanding of context, precedent, and history in the relationship between society and the field of criminal justice. | Responses integrate professional knowledge and experience from the criminal justice discipline when applied to contemporary processes and structures in the criminal justice system; responses also demonstrate an understanding of context, precedent, and history in the relationship between society and the field of criminal justice. |
Professional Skills Building
The faculty Assessor will provide feedback based on the following Professional Skills: Written Communication. Although the feedback is here to inform the development of your skills, it is not a barrier to achieving the Competency, unless the writing is too poor to be able to score the content of the Assessment. Review the rubric and check your work based on the learning objectives listed. If you are concerned that your writing will not meet these expectations yet, reach out to your Faculty Subject Matter Expert (SME) so he or she can work with you to further develop this important professional skill.
It is highly recommended that you use this opportunity to practice these important skills in the context of this Competency Assessment in order to receive feedback about your current level of proficiency.
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| Written Communication: Write with clarity, coherence, and purpose. | |||
| 0
Not Present |
1
Needs Improvement |
2
Meets Expectations |
|
| LO1: Construct complete and correct sentences. (AWE 2; Sentence Level Skills) | Sentences are incoherent and impede reader’s access to ideas. | Sentences are incomplete and/or include fragments and run-on sentences, limiting reader’s access to ideas. | Sentence structure effectively conveys meaning to the reader. |
| LO2: Demonstrate the effective use of grammar and mechanics. (AWE 2; Sentence Level Skills) | Multiple inaccuracies in grammar and mechanics impede reader’s access to ideas. | Some inaccuracies in grammar and mechanics limit reader’s access to ideas. | Use of grammar and mechanics is straightforward and effectively conveys meaning to reader. |
| LO3: Create cohesive paragraphs with a clear central idea. (AWE 2; Paragraph Level Skills) | Paragraphs, or lack of paragraphs, impede reader’s access to ideas. | Construction of main idea and/or supporting paragraphs limit reader’s access to ideas. | Main idea and/or supporting paragraphs effectively convey meaning to reader. |
| LO4: Use supporting material to support a claim. (AWE 2; Use of Evidence) | Supporting materials are not present. | Supporting material is used inconsistently or inappropriately. | Supporting material is used to enhance meaning. Writing is appropriately paraphrased and uses direct quotes as applicable. |
| LO5: Demonstrate appropriate essay level writing skills, providing transitions between an introduction, body, and conclusion. (AWE 2; Essay Level Skills) | Ideas are disorganized with no/poor transitions. | Ideas are loosely organized with unclear paragraphing and transitions. | Ideas are organized with cohesive transitions. |
| LO6: Identify sources. (AWE 2; Credit to source) | Sources are missing. | Writing inconsistently identifies or misrepresents sources. | Writing clearly identifies the source of non-original material and/or ideas. |
SAMPLE SOLUTION
- Summarize briefly the historical origins and evolution of the topic you selected (prison conditions or punishments).
The United States correctional system has come a long way. This is in relation to the prison population, access to basic needs, such as fresh air, light, medical care, food, sanitation, and hygiene. In the 18th and 19th century prisoners were isolated with only the Bible, with the notion that they will repent (Jacobs & McKelvey, 1978). But instead, inmates would go insane and commit suicide. The prison was harsh and unkempt with the key idea of keeping offenders away from society. By the end of 19th century, reformers had started to see the need to improve the prison conditions. This led to the formation of the National Prison Association, which led to the Declaration of Principles. Declaration of Principles led to doing away with the fixed sentences, silence, isolations, and harsh punishments. Additionally, with these changes, prisoners could get free education..
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