SS238 Unit 4 Assignment
PUBLIC POLICY, POLICY CYCLE, AND POLICY THEORIES
We hold these truths to be self-evident: that all men are created equal; that they are endowed by their Creator with certain inalienable rights; that among these are life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness.”
–Thomas Jefferson
Policy theories are academic models that seek to understand why some public policies are implemented or not implemented. Those concerned with an analysis of public policy use policy theories to understand the intersection of policy-making and public policy. Whereas there are many, many different policy theories; you will focus on elite theory, group theory, and institutional theory.
- Elite theory is premised on the idea that a small group of elites affects public policies. These elites could further understand as political elites (important members of government), social elites (movie stars, musicians, athletes, etc.), or economic elites (Wall Street, the 1%, etc.).
- Group theory is premised on the idea that groups of individuals advocate a common, public policy concern, that then affects public policy. Groups span the political, economic, and social public policy spectrum. Here are a couple of groups that advocate particular, public policies: pro-life advocates (Susan B Anthony List), pro-choice advocates (Planned Parenthood), gun rights advocates (National Rifle Association), and gun control advocates (Everytown for Gun Safety.)
- Institutional theory is premised on the idea that institutions affect public policies. Whereas government (both in the capacity of federalism and the executive, legislative, and judicial branches) is typically the focus of institutional theorists; other institutions such as corporations, non-profits, political parties, etc., can also affect public policy. It is the collective interaction of these various institutions that result in policy formation. *See the Unit 4 Overview for a detailed example of how the Affordable Care Act (Obama Care) resulted from an amalgamation of institutional input.
SS238 Unit 4 Assignment Answer
Public policy is guided on different principles and theories; the group and institutional theories best describe and explain the environmental policies formulated and adopted in the United States……
SS238 Engagement Civil and Citizen Driven Public Policy
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